Introduction
Posterior cervical fixation with lateral mass screws is a surgical technique used to stabilize the cervical spine from the back. This procedure involves the placement of screws into the lateral masses of the cervical vertebrae, which are then connected by rods to provide stability and support. It is often performed to address conditions like trauma, degenerative diseases, tumors, or deformities affecting the cervical spine.
Indications for Posterior Cervical Fixation
This procedure is recommended for patients with:
- Cervical Spine Instability: Caused by trauma, degenerative disc disease, or spondylolisthesis.
- Spinal Cord Compression: Resulting from tumors, infections, or cervical myelopathy.
- Fractures or Dislocations: Stabilizing the spine following severe injuries.
- Failed Anterior Surgery: Where anterior approaches like discectomy or fusion did not achieve stability.
- Deformities or Curvatures: Such as scoliosis or kyphosis requiring correction.
Advantages of Posterior Cervical Fixation
- Robust Stabilization: Provides strong and immediate stabilization for unstable cervical segments.
- Versatility: Can address multiple levels of instability or deformity.
- Precision: Modern guidance techniques minimize the risk of screw misplacement.
- Compatibility with Fusion: The procedure is often combined with spinal fusion for long-term stability.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
- Immediate Postoperative Period: Patients are typically monitored for a day or two in the hospital.
- Activity Restrictions: Avoid heavy lifting, twisting, or strenuous activities for several weeks to allow proper healing.
- Physical Therapy: A rehabilitation program focusing on neck strength, flexibility, and posture is initiated after the initial healing phase.
- Follow-Up Care: Regular follow-up visits are essential to monitor recovery and ensure the hardware remains in place.
Conclusion
Posterior cervical fixation using lateral mass screws is a reliable and effective surgical technique for stabilizing the cervical spine. It provides immediate support, facilitates spinal fusion, and addresses various conditions, including trauma, deformities, and degenerative diseases. With advancements in surgical techniques and materials, the procedure has become safer and more precise, offering patients significant relief and improved quality of life. For those considering this procedure, consultation with a qualified spine surgeon is crucial to determine the best course of action.